Learn about augmentatives in Turkish
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Intro |
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| Michael: What are augmentatives and how are they formed in Turkish? |
| Dilek: And are they commonly used? |
| Michael: At TurkishClass101.com, we hear these questions often. Imagine the following situation: Karen Lee talks with her daughter about her new classmate. |
| "What color is her hair?" |
| Karen Lee: Onun saçları ne renk? |
| Dialogue |
| Karen Lee: Onun saçları ne renk? |
| Sasha Lee: Simsiyah. |
| Michael: Once more with the English translation. |
| Karen Lee: Onun saçları ne renk? |
| Michael: "What color is her hair?" |
| Sasha Lee: Simsiyah. |
| Michael: "It's ebony black." |
Lesson focus |
| Michael: In Turkish, words can change shape in order to convey extra information about the size or the appearance of something, or the way the speaker feels. This result is achieved by adding certain suffixes to the words. In this lesson, we'll focus on "augmentatives" or |
| Dilek: pekiştirme sıfatları |
| Michael: which allows for describing something as bigger, or overwhelming. In Turkish, there are different ways of creating augmentatives. One of them is to take the first part of the word and add the m, p, r, or s letters to it in order to create a new word. For example: |
| Dilek: kırmızı |
| Michael: meaning "red" You take the first part of this word which is |
| Dilek: kı |
| Michael: and add a "p" so that you get |
| Dilek: kıp, |
| Michael: then you had that as a suffix to the original word and you get |
| Dilek: kıpkırmızı |
| Michael: which means "very red," or "crimson." Another example is |
| Dilek: mavi |
| Michael: "blue," which in its augmentative form becomes |
| Dilek: masmavi |
| Michael: which means "deep blue." For example if we want to say "His car is so yellow it hurts my eyes" In Turkish, that is |
| Dilek: Arabası o kadar sapsarı ki gözlerimi ağrıttı. |
| Michael: Here, we take the first part of the word "yellow" |
| Dilek: sarı |
| Michael: and add it to the root word and it becomes: |
| Dilek: sapsarı |
| Michael: which means "extremely yellow." |
| [Recall] |
| Michael: Now, let's take a look at the example in the dialogue. |
| Do you remember how Sasha says "It's ebony black?" |
| (pause 4 seconds) |
| Dilek as Sasha Lee: Simsiyah. |
| Michael: Here, the root word is "black," which is |
| Dilek: siyah. |
| Michael: You take the first part, add the letter "m" to it, and it becomes: |
| Dilek: simsiyah. |
| Michael: Aside from this, there is also a more poetic way of saying it is ebony black. For this, you add the word you use to create questions, which is |
| Dilek: -mi or -mı |
| Michael: So you take the word and add one of the options according to the vowel harmony rules and again the same word after it, and it becomes |
| Dilek: siyah mı siyah |
| Michael: "ebony black" but literally something like "black, is it, black" |
| Dilek: siyah mı siyah. |
| Michael: In this lesson, you learned that, in Turkish, you can modify adjectives in order to convey extra information and connotation about what you're describing. |
| Review |
| Michael: Let's review. Respond to the prompts by speaking aloud. Then, repeat after the native speaker focusing on pronunciation. |
| Do you remember how to say "What color is her hair?" |
| [Beep. Pause 5 seconds.] |
| Dilek as Karen Lee: Onun saçları ne renk? |
| Michael: Listen again and repeat. |
| Dilek as Karen Lee: Onun saçları ne renk? |
| [Beep. Pause 5 seconds.] |
| Dilek as Karen Lee: Onun saçları ne renk? |
| Michael: And do you remember how to say "It's ebony black?" |
| [Beep. Pause 5 seconds.] |
| Dilek as Sasha Lee: Simsiyah. |
| Michael: Listen again and repeat. |
| Dilek as Sasha Lee: Simsiyah. |
| [Beep. Pause 5 seconds.] |
| Dilek as Sasha Lee: Simsiyah. |
| Expansion |
| Michael: Sometimes, you just need to double the adjective to create an augmentative. Let's hear an example sentence. |
| Dilek: Tatlı tatlı konuştuk, |
| Michael: which translates as "We talked sweetly," but literally means "we talked sweet sweet." The adjective was in fact repeated twice |
| Dilek: tatlı tatlı. |
Outro |
| Michael: Do you have any more questions? We're here to answer them! |
| Dilek: Hoşçakalın! |
| Michael: See you soon! |
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