Top 10 Turkish Tourist Destinations: Hagia Sophia

Dialogue - Turkish

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		Ayasofya
		Ayasofya Türkiye'nin İstanbul ilinde yer almaktadır.
		Tarihi süreçte bu bina, Ortodoks bazilikası, Katolik katedrali ve cami olarak kullanılmıştır.
		Bina M. S. 360 yılında inşaa edilmiş ve o günlerde Konstantinapol'ün Yunan Patriyarkal katedrali olmuştur.
		1200'lü yıllarda 60 yıl boyunca Kataloliklerin katedrali olmuş ancak 1453 yılında bir camiye dönüştürülene kadar tekrar bir Ortodoks kilisesi olarak kullanılmıştır.
		1931 yılında halka açık bir bina haline gelmiş ve dört yıl sonra da bir müze olmuştur.
		Bazı uzmanlar, yapının mimarisinin Bizans dönemi izleri taşıdığını ve kubbenin İstanbul'un en ünlü manzaralarından biri olduğunu belirtmişlerdir.
		Bu yapı, neredeyse bin yıl boyunca dünyanın en büyük katedrali olmuştur.
		Kubbeye ek olarak Ayasofya, ayrıca pek çok sayıda kutsal emanet ve mozaiğiyle bilinmektedir.
		Müzeyi ziyaret edenleri muhteşem bir ikonostaz karşılar, ve bina ayrıca Pergamon'dan gelen küllerin saklandığı iki kaseye ev sahipliği yapar.
		Binanın içindeki diğer etkileyici eserler, Mermer Kapı,İsa, Meryem ve diğer pek çok aziz ve hükümdarın tasvir edildiği mozaiklerdir.
		Pek çok mozaik, 1930 yılındaki restorasyonda harcın bir bölümü dökülürken ortaya çıkmıştır.
		Restorasyon süreci, binanın tarihsel dönemde hem Hristiyanlar hem de Müslümanlar için bir ibadet yeri olduğundan oldukça enteresan geçmiştir.
		Bunun sonucunda birbiriyle çelişen inanç unsurlarının simgeleri ortaya çıkmıştır.
		Kültürel Miras - Ayasofya binasının şimdiki hali, 300'lü yıllarda inşaa edilen yapıdan orijinal hiçbir şey ihtiva etmemektedir.
		Bina iki kez yıkılmıştır, bunlardan ilki ayaklanmalar sırasında, ikincisi ise Nika İsyanı sırasında olmuştur ve bugün ayakta olan yapı, 500lü yıllar döneminde yapılmış olandır.
		Jüstinyen mevcut yapının inşaasını üstlenmiştir ve açılış konuşmasında "Ey Süleyman! Seni yendim!" demiştir.
		Binanın kubbesi bir depremde ciddi şekilde hasar görmüş, daha sonra orijinal kubbeden daha sağlam olabilmesi için değişik bir şekilde inşaa edilmiştir.

Vocabulary (Review)

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bazilika basilica

		Bazilika, hürmet ve ibadet edilen bir yerdi.
		“The basilica was a place of reverence and worship.”

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cami mosque

		Muhammed`in evinin bahçesi ilk cami idi.
		The courtyard of Muhammad's home was the first mosque.
		Bir camide, müslümanlar her gün dua eder.
		At a mosque, muslims pray every day.
		Caminin minaresinden ezan okunuyor.
		"The call to prayer is being given from the minaret of the mosque."
		Müslümanlar dua etmek için camiye giderler.
		“Muslims go to the mosque to pray.”

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Ortodoks Orthodox

		Ortodoks inançları, asırlar geçtikçe değişim gösterdi.
		“The orthodox beliefs were gradually changed throughout centuries.”

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Patriyarkal Patriarchal

		Medeniyet, kökü boyunca oldukça patriyarkaldı.
		“The civilization was largely patriarchal in its lineage.”

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Halka açık Secular

		Katedralde, fuarlar ve pazarlar gibi halka açık etkinlikler de mevcuttu.
		“The cathedral complex contained several spaces set aside for secular purposes, such as fairs and bazaars.”

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Simge/İz Epitome

		Azizlerin, genellikle iyiliğin ve doğruluğun simgesi oldukları bilinir.
		“The saints are generally considered to be the epitome of goodness and righteousness.”

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Yıkama Lustration

		Yıkama adetleri topluluğun ayinlerinin önemli bir parçasıydı.
		“Lustration rituals were central to the group’s liturgy.”

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tasvir depict

		İmparatoru tasvir eden heykel onu daha az saygın göstermişti.
		“A sculpture depicting the emperor showed him in a less than flattering way.”

Lesson Notes

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Cultural Insights

Ayasofya binasının şimdiki hali, 300lü yıllarda inşaa edilen yapıdan orijinal hiçbir şey ihtiva etmemektedir. Bina iki kez yıkılmıştır, bunlardan ilki ayaklanmalar sırasında, ikincisi ise Nika İsyanı sırasında olmuştur ve bugün ayakta olan yapı, 500lü yıllar döneminde yapılmış olandır. Jüstinyen mevcut yapının inşaasını üstlenmiştir ve açılış konuşmasında "Ey Süleyman! Seni yendim!" demiştir. Binanın kubbesi bir depremde ciddi şekilde hasar görmüş, daha sonra orijinal kubbeden daha sağlam olabilmesi için değişik bir şekilde inşaa edilmiştir.

Build It Up, Tear it Down

The Hagia Sophia structure that exists today contains nothing of the original building from the 300s. The building was destroyed two times—once during riots and a second time during the Nika Revolt—and what stands today is the structure that was erected during the 500s. Justinian is credited with the current structure, and after it was built, he supposedly proclaimed, "Solomon, I have outdone thee!" An earthquake severely damaged the dome of the building, which then had to be rebuilt using a different construction in order to make it stronger than the original dome.

Correction note:
Hagia Sophia is no longer a museum. It was reconverted to its status as a mosque two years ago.

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		Hagia Sophia
		Hagia Sophia is located in Turkey in the city of Istanbul.
		In its history, the building has been an Orthodox basilica, a Roman Catholic cathedral, and a mosque.
		The building was first dedicated in 360 AD, and in those days, it was Constantinople's Greek Patriarchal cathedral.
		It became a cathedral for Roman Catholics for about 60 years in the 1200s, but it was changed back to an Orthodox church after that until 1453 when it was converted to a mosque.
		In 1931 it became a secular building, and then four years later it was turned into a museum.
		Some experts hail the structure as the epitome of architectural work from Byzantine times, and the dome is one of the most famous views from Istanbul.
		For almost a thousand years, it was the world's largest cathedral.
		In addition to the dome, Hagia Sophia is also known for the numerous holy relics and mosaics.
		An incredible iconostasis greets visitors to the museum, and the building is also home to two lustration urns that came from Pergamon.
		Other impressive features inside the structure include the Marble Door and numerous mosaics depicting Jesus, Mary, and various saints and rulers.
		Many mosaics were revealed during a restoration of the building done in the 1930s when some of the plaster was removed.
		The restoration process was especially interesting because of the building's history as both a Christian and Muslim place of worship.
		This resulted in the display of iconic works of art from both faiths, which contradict each other.
		Cultural Heritage-The current state of Hagia Sophia doesn't contain any architectural elements from the original building which was built around 300 AC.
		The building has been demolished twice, the first one during the riots and the latter during Nika rebellion. The building we see today was built during 500 BC.
		Emperor Justinianus undertook the construction of the building. Upon the completion of the building, he said- "Solomon, I have surpassed thee!"(referring to King Solomon's temple in Jerusalem).
		The dome of the building had been severely damaged in an earthquake, which then was reconstructed in a different way, aiming for a more robust structure.

		Hagia Sophia
		Hagia Sophia is located in Turkey in the city of Istanbul.
		In its history, the building has been an Orthodox basilica, a Roman Catholic cathedral, and a mosque.
		The building was first dedicated in 360 AD, and in those days, it was Constantinople's Greek Patriarchal cathedral.
		It became a cathedral for Roman Catholics for about 60 years in the 1200s, but it was changed back to an Orthodox church after that until 1453 when it was converted to a mosque.
		In 1931 it became a secular building, and then four years later it was turned into a museum.
		Some experts hail the structure as the epitome of architectural work from Byzantine times, and the dome is one of the most famous views from Istanbul.
		For almost a thousand years, it was the world's largest cathedral.
		In addition to the dome, Hagia Sophia is also known for the numerous holy relics and mosaics.
		An incredible iconostasis greets visitors to the museum, and the building is also home to two lustration urns that came from Pergamon.
		Other impressive features inside the structure include the Marble Door and numerous mosaics depicting Jesus, Mary, and various saints and rulers.
		Many mosaics were revealed during a restoration of the building done in the 1930s when some of the plaster was removed.
		The restoration process was especially interesting because of the building's history as both a Christian and Muslim place of worship.
		This resulted in the display of iconic works of art from both faiths, which contradict each other.
		Cultural Heritage-The current state of Hagia Sophia doesn't contain any architectural elements from the original building which was built around 300 AC.
		The building has been demolished twice, the first one during the riots and the latter during Nika rebellion. The building we see today was built during 500 BC.
		Emperor Justinianus undertook the construction of the building. Upon the completion of the building, he said- "Solomon, I have surpassed thee!"(referring to King Solomon's temple in Jerusalem).
		The dome of the building had been severely damaged in an earthquake, which then was reconstructed in a different way, aiming for a more robust structure.

Top 10 Turkish Tourist Destinations: Hagia Sophia

Dialogue - Turkish

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