Learn how to describe and compare actions using basic adverbs
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Brandon: Hi everyone, and welcome back to TurkishClass101.com. This is Lower Beginner Season 1 Lesson 12, How Fast is Your Turkish? I’m Brandon! |
| Feyza: Merhaba. I'm Feyza. |
| Brandon: In this lesson, you'll learn how to use comparative adjectives in daily language to describe people's actions. This conversation takes place at a party. |
| Feyza: It’s between Hakan and Asu. |
| Brandon: They’re close friends, so they’ll be using informal Turkish.Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Hakan: O aptal mı? |
| Asu: Hayır, çok zekidir. |
| Hakan: Hımm, peki neden o kadar yavaş konuşuyor? |
| Asu: O her zaman dikkatlice düşünür. |
| Hakan: Yani hızlı düşünemiyor? |
| Asu: Sen de çok hızlı konuşuyorsun. |
| Brandon: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| Hakan: O aptal mı? |
| Asu: Hayır, çok zekidir. |
| Hakan: Hımm, peki neden o kadar yavaş konuşuyor? |
| Asu: O her zaman dikkatlice düşünür. |
| Hakan: Yani hızlı düşünemiyor? |
| Asu: Sen de çok hızlı konuşuyorsun. |
| Brandon: Listen to the conversation with English translation |
| Hakan: O aptal mı? |
| Hakan: Is he stupid? |
| Asu: Hayır, çok zekidir. |
| Asu: No, he's very intelligent. |
| Hakan: Hımm, peki neden o kadar yavaş konuşuyor? |
| Hakan: Hmm, why does he speak so slowly? |
| Asu: O her zaman dikkatlice düşünür. |
| Asu: He is always thinking carefully. |
| Hakan: Yani hızlı düşünemiyor? |
| Hakan: So he can't think quickly? |
| Asu: Sende çok hızlı konuşuyorsun. |
| Asu: You know, sometimes I think you speak too quickly. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Brandon: One challenge with learning a new language can be different dialects. What can you tell us about dialects in Turkey? |
| Feyza: Well, many regional dialects are spoken in Turkey. The Eastern Anatolian, Black Sea, and Aegean dialects and many more are all unique and sometimes even difficult for Turkish people who live in big cities to understand. |
| Brandon: But the real challenge isn’t from the dialects or how fast people speak. Adverbs, as well as slang language and idioms, play an important role in daily Turkish. |
| Feyza: That’s right - the Turkish language has many proverbs, idiomatic expressions, and aphorisms. |
| Brandon: Usually manner adverbs are used in idiomatic expressions to enrich and emphasize the sentence’s meaning. So even though Turkish is read as it's written, you shouldn’t totally rely on that. New expressions are always popping up in response to what’s happening locally and internationally. |
| Feyza: Exactly. After living abroad for five years, even I had trouble trying to understand the humor and language of the younger generation! |
| Brandon: Before we move on, what are some Turkish words related to this topic? |
| Feyza: Some words that are good to know are atasözü, deyim, özdeyiş |
| Brandon: These mean "proverb,” “idiom,” and “aphorism" respectively. Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Brandon: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word is… |
| Feyza: aptal [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: fool, stupid |
| Feyza: aptal [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Feyza: aptal [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next we have.. |
| Feyza: zeki [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: smart, intelligent |
| Feyza: zeki [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Feyza: zeki [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Our next word is... |
| Feyza: yavaş [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: slow |
| Feyza: yavaş [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Feyza: yavaş [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next.. |
| Feyza: konuşmak [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to speak |
| Feyza: konuşmak [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Feyza: konuşmak [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next.. |
| Feyza: her zaman [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: always |
| Feyza: her zaman [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Feyza: her zaman [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next.. |
| Feyza: dikkatlice [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: carefully |
| Feyza: dikkatlice [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Feyza: dikkatlice [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Next.. |
| Feyza: düşünmek [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to think |
| Feyza: düşünmek [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Feyza: düşünmek [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: and last is... |
| Feyza: hızlı [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: fast |
| Feyza: hızlı [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Feyza: hızlı [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Brandon: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Feyza: konuşmak |
| Brandon: Which means ''to talk'' or ''to have a conversation''" |
| Feyza: Konuşmak is a reciprocal verb, meaning that the action the verb describes is being done equally by two subjects. |
| Brandon: When can you use this phrase? |
| Feyza: Konuşmak is used whenever somebody has a conversation about something with another person, as in Erkek arkadaşımla evlilik konusunu konuştuk. meaning “My boyfriend and I talked about marriage.” |
| Brandon: When is it best to avoid this phrase? |
| Feyza: Konuşmak is being used here to refer to a serious conversation as opposed to sohbet etmek which means "to have a chat about something.” |
| Brandon: What if you just want to say that you had a casual chat about a topic with someone? |
| Feyza: Simply use sohbet etmek instead of konuşmak. For example, Öğretmenimle politika üzerine sohbet ettik. |
| Brandon: Which means “My teacher and I had a chat about politics.” Can you give us another example of the proper use? |
| Feyza: Sure! Annenle para konusunu konuştun mu? |
| Brandon: “Did you talk with your mother about the money issue?” Okay, next we have.. |
| Feyza: düşünmek |
| Brandon: Which means "to think'' |
| Feyza: In Turkish, “to ponder” and “to think” are the same word. When you want to say “to ponder”, you simply add an appropriate adverb at the beginning of düşünmek, like iyice düşünmek meaning “to think through well.” |
| Brandon: Do you have any other tips about this word? |
| Feyza: Try not to confuse düşlemek with düşünmek. These two verbs both originate from the same root, which is düş meaning “to dream.” However, düşlemek means “to imagine” or “to picture,” while düşünmek means “to think.” |
| Brandon: So it can’t be used in the first meaning. Can you give us an example of the proper use? |
| Feyza: Sure! Let’s imagine Person A says Kararını iyice düşündün mü? |
| Brandon: Meaning “Did you think about your decision thoroughly?” |
| Feyza: Pek düşünmedim ama Dünya'yı gezmek istiyorum. |
| Brandon: Which means "I haven't really thought about it, but I want to travel around the world." |
| Feyza: You may also hear düşünüp taşınmak, which is an idiomatic expression meaning “to contemplate,” or “to think over.” |
| Brandon: Okay, now onto the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Brandon: In this lesson, you'll learn how to use condition and manner adverbs in Turkish. First let's review some of the basic information from our introduction to this topic in lesson 3. |
| Feyza: As you may remember, adverbs in Turkish are called Zarflar and they are used a lot. You can easily make an adverb by adding the suffix -ce to the end of an adjective. |
| Brandon: Adverbs in Turkish may modify verbs, gerunds, adjectives, or other adverbs. They usually describe or modify a verb or a non-finite verb. We can divide them into many sub-categories, including time-related adverbs or frequency adverbs, which we studied in lesson 3. |
| Feyza: This time, we will focus on the condition or manner adverbs that are called durum (hal) zarfları. Adverbs belonging to this category answer the question “How?” |
| Brandon: As in “How did you do it?” Can you give us an example? |
| Feyza: Sure! Kadın, şüpheli adamdan hızla uzaklaştı. |
| Brandon: “The woman got away fast from the suspicious man.” |
| Brandon: First, we have to look for the verb that is always the last component in the sentence. |
| Feyza: And our verb for this sentence will be uzaklaşmak, meaning “to go further” or “to get away.” |
| Brandon: The next step is to identify the subject... |
| Feyza: ...which is kadın, meaning “woman” in English. |
| Brandon: With these two, you can try asking the “How” question, which in this case will be “How did the woman get away?” |
| Feyza: In Turkish, that’s Kadın nasıl uzalaştı? |
| Brandon: If we take a look at the English translation, we will know that the answer is “fast,” |
| Feyza: ...which is hızla in Turkish. So “fast” is our condition or manner adverb in this sentence. |
| Brandon: Now let's take a look at some other condition or manner adverbs. Feyza will say the Turkish, and I’ll give the translation. |
| Feyza: Firstly, yavaşça |
| Brandon: Which means “slowly” |
| Feyza: eksiksiz: |
| Brandon: “completely” |
| Feyza: mutlaka: |
| Brandon: “absolutely,” or “by all means” |
| Feyza: birden: |
| Brandon: “suddenly” |
| Feyza: dikkatlice: |
| Brandon: “carefully” |
| Feyza: zar zor: |
| Brandon: ”barely” |
| Feyza: güçlükle: |
| Brandon: “hardly” |
| Feyza: çoğunlukla: |
| Brandon: “mostly” |
| Feyza: neredeyse: |
| Brandon: “almost” |
| Feyza: kesinlikle: |
| Brandon: “absolutely” |
| Feyza: birlikte: |
| Brandon: “together” |
| Feyza: tek başına: |
| Brandon: “alone” |
| Feyza: gerçekten: |
| Brandon: “really” |
| Feyza: tamamen: |
| Brandon: “completely” |
| Feyza: oldukça: |
| Brandon: “mostly” |
| Feyza: usulca: |
| Brandon: “gently” |
| Feyza: zekice: |
| Brandon: “smartly” |
| Feyza: And finally, aptalca: |
| Brandon: “foolishly”. Listeners, be sure to check the lesson notes to see this entire list written down. |
Outro |
| Brandon: Well, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! |
| Feyza: Görüşürüz. |
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