Lesson Transcript

Hey guys! Hello! Hello! Hello!
My name is Seda and welcome to turkishclass101.com
Nasılsınız? Her şey yolunda mı? Keyfiniz yerinde mi?
Today we will talk about a grammar topic
you... maybe you are confused about
so let's dig into it
It's kind of confusing but very necessary topic
It is ünlü düşmesi or ses düşmesi
which is a vowel dropping or you can say haplology
haplology
it is a funny word
We also have ünsüz düşmesi or sessiz düşmesi
it is called consonant dropping
which is totally a different topic
another video’s topic, okay?
Before I start with the topic
we need to just go talk about a little
about turkish vowel system
let's look at a chart and I'll talk over it
so it's a little bit clearer for you
We separate our vowels in different categories
as you can see front
e, i, ö, ü
back
a, ı, o, u
unrounded
e, i, a, ı
rounded
ö, ü, o, u
open
e, ö, a, o
closed
i, u, ı, ü
these are how our mouths are shaped
during we say these vowels
and all these categories are important
to understand the suffix system
vowel harmony rules and letter droppings
so you need to study this chart very well
hey welcome back
so what is haplology?
it happens when a syllable is dismissed
in short it's an elimination of a syllable
but in this case it's just a vowel
in turkish haplology generally occurs
when words composed of two syllables
have a suffix starting with a vowel
and it's generally seen in words with closed vowel
in the second syllable
it can be defined as a syllable drop
due to the ease of pronunciation of the words
it doesn't appear in every word
for example ağız mouth
second vowel here is ı
a closed vowel
so when we add a suffix starting with a vowel
the ı drops
Onun ağzı çok büyük
his mouth is very big
Onun ağzı çok büyük
we don't say ağızı
it's harder
we say ağzı
okay
here we have ı
instead of ı
just as you can see
for a practical reason much easier to say
another example
oğul
i found all the examples with soft g
so it's a good practice for you
anyway oğul means son
again we have a closed vowel
u and it drops when a suffix with a vowel
added is added
let's see
Oğlum yedi yaşına girdi
my son turned seven
here we have oğlum instead of oğulum
it's harder to say
so the closed vowel in the second syllable
just dropped
but not every closed vowel words
have this kind of haplology
but as a general rule
it happens when adding suffixes
starting with a vowel to do words with two syllables
just i'm trying to make that go into your mind
and letters i,ı,u,ü
in the second syllable
okay
we need to have two syllables
and the second syllables needs to have a vowel i,ı,u,ü
okay
let's see some vowel dropping words
as follows
Karın – ı becomes karnı
Beyin – i becomes beyni
Gönül – ü becomes gönlü
Burun – u becomes burnu
Fikir – i becomes fikri
Devir - i becomes devri
Keşif - i becomes keşfi
so not that hard right
we always have exceptions to this rule
sometimes we use these words repetitive
so at those times this rule doesn't apply
i'm sorry i'm sorry
let's see an example
Burun buruna
it's not
Burun burna
Nose to nose
It is burun buruna
It means “so close”
You are so close you are burun buruna
Omuz omuza
shoulder to shoulder
it means in solidarity
solidarity
okay i couldn't say it anyway
or for example
Ağızdan ağıza
literally from mouth to mouth
but there is a word in english like that mouth to mouth
So
Ağızdan ağıza
these kind of repetitive words
are off this rule
so the vowel dropping don't occur here
far out
for the rest i will try to give you categories
so you can follow easier
and all these categories are different grammar rules
grammar subjects
so i cannot go into detail of all the rules
and you may
you may feel
a little confused for
all these rules
all these grammar points
and you may think that
oh my god i don't know these topics yet
if you feel like this don't worry
it's normal
keep that part in mind
and then you learn that part
part come back
and just look at it here
because it's
turkish is a little bit different than learning some other languages
this is the part it gets harder
to learn and to teach actually
we have a suffix system
and there are a lot of rules about suffixes
how to add these suffixes
letter droppings
letter addings
letter mutations
etc
and you have to know these two field of sentences
but to know the rules
we are talking about the rules that you don't know yet
so it gets confusing
so normally these are the basic subjects
but to be able to grasp all these subjects
you need to know more than basic subjects
so learning turkish is not like
one step at a time
it's not like linear
but you need to go back and forward
back and forward
and at first it can be confusing
but just hang in there
after you know some point
you'll get the idea
and the logic behind the rules
so you'll be able to use them
okay
so take a deep breath
and let's continue
our first category is
haplology happens in some compound nouns
for example
Ne asıl become nasıl
how
kahve altı
kahve is coffee
altı means under
normally under coffee
literally
it becomes kahvaltı
breakfast
okay
i need a story
i need to tell you a story here
coffee came from the arabian regions
to ottoman empires back then
and ottoman people used to drink coffee
actually before tea
now everybody knows turkish tea
but turkish coffee
they used to drink it
and our coffee houses and coffee
went from here to europe
so kahve was so important
that the first meal of the day
was defined with this drink
so our breakfast
means kahvaltı in turkish
it is coming from the compound nouns
kahve altı
under coffee
so you know
it means that
this is the meal we eat
before we drink our coffee
so that's how coffee was important
to turkish people
in the ottoman empire
so i agree
i love my coffee
anyway
so cuma ertesi
it becomes cumartesi
saturday
it means the next day after friday
Pazar ertesi
Pazartesi
monday
it means the day after sunday
anyway
these kind of compound nouns
gets a haplology
so another category is
it happens in verbs
formed out of nouns
verbal nouns
we can call them
for example
Sabır etmek
sabretmek
to have patience
Seyir etme
seyretmek
becomes
to watch
And
Küfür etmek becomes
küfretmek
becomes
it means to swear
to
Anyway
Şükür etmek
Becomes
şükretmek
to be thankful
And
Kayıp olmak
Becomes
kaybolmak
to get lost
so these first words
are nouns
the second ones are words
so when you put them together
they become words
but they dropped
a vowel
so very important note
to notice here
in some words
we don't use haplology
in writing
but just in speaking
so when you are having
hard time understanding
native speakers
that's why
but most of the people
write how they speak
and it's not correct
and it's not proper
so don't do that
for example
let's see
the words such as
aşağı — down
yukarı —up
içeri — in
dışarı — out
bura - here
ora — there
şura — there
ileri — forward
I think
that's it
anyway
when these words
these kind of propositional
words
take any suffixes
vowel drops
do not occur
in writing
okay writing
but in speaking
you see us
dropping that vowel
we just drop it
drop it
drop it
For example aşağıda
let’s see we add “da-de” suffix to them,
this is how they are written
and see how they are written
I will put how it's written
I will say it
how I say it
Aşağıda
how it's written
> not aşağda
how I say it
yukarıda > not yukarda
içeride > not içerde
dışarıda > not dışarda
burada > not burda
şurada > not şurda
orada > not orda
ileride > not ilerde
so the first one
without vowel dropping
the second one
with the vowel dropping
as I said before
these are not written
but said
okay
and
I think
that's it
I'm trying to remember
do we have another preposition like this
but I don't remember
Aşağda yukarda içerde dışarda burda şurda orda ilerde
how we say them
but again
I'm saying
in writing
these vowels
do not drop
before this part
every vowel dropping happens
both in writing
and in speaking
in this part
it's just in speaking
and one more note
proper nouns
do not follow
any of these rules
the haplology
you know
doesn't occur in proper noun
like names
city names
people names
things like that
for example
man's name
you don't drop the
it means
or for example
my name
it doesn't drop
For example
Utku’nun (a man’s name)
Yo dont drop the u
Utku’s
Or for example my name
It doesn’t drop
Seda’ya
To Seda
Ali’nin
Ali’s
Or
For example city names
Ankara’dan
From Ankara
or another city name
Edirne’yi
Of Edirne
as you can see
no droppings
because you know
in general
in Turkish
you cannot touch
the proper names
proper nouns
they stay as it is
okay
no suffix change them
they are untouchable
like superheroes
anyway
another thing to look for
in some poems
some sounds drop
to fit the you know measure
and the sign
I will put the sign here
‘
it's like
just one
sign is
‘
put in the place
for example
Karac’oğlan, n’eylersin…
Instead of
Karacaoğlan ne eylersin.…
Karac'oğlan, what’ you doing…
Normally it should be
Karacaoğlan ne eylersin.
Nasılsın, neylersin this is used a lot.
Another category is:
If the words “ile” (with)
and “ise” (if)
are combined with the previous word,
the vowel “drops”.
you can do that ile, ise
you can just add ile, ise to the previous word
so it just becomes
-le, -se
for example
Ben gülüyordum annemse ağlıyordu.
I was laughing and my mother was crying.
normally > “annem ise”, but when you combine
“i” drops, it becomes “annemse”
—-
Another example
Annemle gittik.
We went with my mom.
Normally it is
“annem ile”
but they combine and
“i” drops and it becomes
“annemle”.
And the last note is when some suffixes such as
(-iken,
-idi,
-imiş,
-ise
-ile I already said)
are combined with words,
Again this -i drops at the beginning of iken, idi, imiş
Seni düşünüyordu.
He was thinking of you.
Seni düşünüyordu.
> “düşünüyor i-di” is the open version and it becomes “düşünüyordu”
Seni düşünüyorken…
While I'm thinking of you
> “düşünüyor i-ken” becomes “düşünüyorken"
Seni düşünüyormuş.
He was thinking of you
> “düşünüyor i-miş” becomes “düşünüyormuş”
Of course there is a vowel mutation due to vowel harmony rules but again another topic. Sorry.
Seni düşünüyorsa gelir.
If he thinks of you, he will come.
> “düşünüyor i-se” becomes “düşünüyorsa”
okay
wow
I think
that was really
I don't know
it was too much maybe
but let's think like that
if you add a suffix
starting with -i
okay
you drop to -i
you never drop
Anything
in proper nouns
okay
if you have two syllables
and the second syllable
you have a closed vowel
you drop the closed vowel
when it's added a suffix
of course
and if you have two of the same words
and they come
next to each other
you don't follow this rule
that's these are the general rules
the details
you will get them
in time
so don't worry
I hope you know you enjoy this video
and I hope you don't feel lost
and I hope some things are
a little bit clearer right now
before like 10 minutes ago
and so go on practice
and write examples
in the comment section
and do you think any examples
I can't think another example
let me think
I don't remember
I can't find it right now
and if you enjoyed this video
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and I think that's
that's time to
sedadrop of the video
okay that's not funny
I know I'm not that funny
okay guys see you

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